From a physical perspective, alcohol can have an irreversible effect on the brains central nervous system, causing brain atrophy. Excessive fat accumulates in the liver which becomes scar tissue over time – leading to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the 6th leading cause of death in adults in the U. S. It also decreases testosterone in men. Heavy drinking also leads to ulcers in the stomach and/or cancer of the stomach, mouth, tongue and esophagus. Ultimately, excessive alcohol use can lead to death. Alcohol Dependency As a therapist, there are some key questions that I ask to assess possible alcohol dependence. They are as follows: Have you ever thought that you should cut down on drinking? Have you ever felt annoyed when others criticize your alcohol consumption? Have you ever felt bad or guilty about drinking? Have you had a drink the next morning to steady yourself or rid yourself of a hangover? Have you done things you regret while being intoxicated? Have you "accidentally" drank too much (it sneaks up on you)?
Both the Doctor of Education – EdD, and the Doctor of Philosophy – PhD in Sports Management degree are considered the terminal degrees in the field of sports management, although certification is generally not required for a career in sports management. Doctoral-level programs train students in the top analytical and research methods vital for a career in academia or sports administration. Sports management is an interdisciplinary field in which coursework might range from kinesiology, to economics, leadership and business law during your doctorate in sports management. PhD in Sports Management Overview: Sport Management PhD Programs Whether you are a current professional looking to advance in higher education or someone interested in potentially achieving leadership positions within the growing sport industry, a PhD in Sports Management Program might help you develop the best research, critical thinking, or teaching skills that may prepare you for a variety of potential career paths in sports-related industries.